Software Development Glossary

A set of database transaction properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensuring reliable data processing.

A project management methodology emphasizing iterative development, collaboration, and adaptability to changing requirements.

A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem, forming the foundation of computer programming.

The world's most comprehensive cloud computing platform offering 200+ services from compute and storage to AI and analytics.

A TypeScript-based web application framework by Google that provides a complete solution for building large-scale applications.

Application Programming Interface - a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate.

A content-focused web framework that ships zero JavaScript by default, using islands architecture for interactive components.

An identity platform that provides authentication and authorization services with social login, MFA, and SSO support.

A serverless compute service by Amazon that runs code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers.

A JavaScript compiler that transforms modern ES6+ code into backwards-compatible versions for older browsers.

A mathematical notation describing the upper bound of an algorithm's time or space complexity as input size grows.

An all-in-one JavaScript runtime and toolkit featuring a bundler, test runner, and Node.js-compatible package manager.

A technique for storing frequently accessed data in a fast-access storage layer to reduce latency and database load.

Content Delivery Network - a geographically distributed network of servers that delivers web content with low latency to users.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment - practices that automate code integration, testing, and deployment pipelines.

Code that is easy to read, understand, and maintain, following consistent naming conventions and single responsibility.

A complete user management platform providing authentication UI components, user profiles, and multi-tenant support.

A rendering approach where JavaScript builds the page content in the browser, typical of single-page applications.

A serverless execution environment that runs JavaScript at the edge, close to users, with millisecond cold starts.

A technique of breaking application bundles into smaller chunks that are loaded on demand, reducing initial bundle size.

A technique of maintaining a cache of reusable database connections to reduce the overhead of creating new connections.

A built-in React feature for passing data through the component tree without manually prop-drilling at every level.

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing - a mechanism that allows web pages to make requests to a different domain than the one serving the page.

Cascading Style Sheets - a stylesheet language used for describing the presentation and layout of HTML documents.

A CSS file where class names are scoped locally by default, preventing style conflicts in component-based architectures.

A styling approach where CSS is composed using JavaScript, enabling dynamic styles and component-scoped styling.

An end-to-end testing framework that runs tests directly in the browser with time-travel debugging and automatic waiting.

Specialized formats for organizing, processing, and storing data efficiently, including arrays, trees, and hash tables.

A data structure technique that improves query performance by creating quick lookup paths to rows in database tables.

A version-controlled approach to evolving database schemas over time with incremental, reversible changes.

A programming technique that limits the rate of function execution by waiting until a pause in rapid events occurs.

A secure JavaScript and TypeScript runtime with built-in tooling, web-standard APIs, and first-class TypeScript support.

A design pattern where objects receive their dependencies from external sources rather than creating them internally.

Reusable solutions to common software design problems, categorized as creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

Domain Name System - the internet's phonebook that translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.

A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in lightweight, portable containers with consistent environments.

Document Object Model - a programming interface that represents HTML/XML documents as a tree structure of nodes and objects.

A lightweight TypeScript ORM with SQL-like syntax, zero dependencies, and serverless-ready design.

Don't Repeat Yourself - a software principle aimed at reducing repetition by abstracting common patterns into reusable units.

Serverless functions that run at the network edge close to users, providing ultra-low latency for dynamic content.

A distributed search and analytics engine built on Apache Lucene, designed for horizontal scalability and near real-time search.

Dense vector representations of data (text, images) in continuous vector space that capture semantic meaning.

Testing that simulates real user scenarios across the entire application stack, verifying the system works as a whole.

A pluggable linting utility for JavaScript and TypeScript that identifies and fixes problematic patterns in code.

A platform and set of tools for building universal React Native apps with simplified development workflows.

A minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework providing robust features for building web and API applications.

A web framework for Node.js focused on performance, providing schema-based validation and a powerful plugin architecture.

Google's app development platform offering real-time database, authentication, hosting, and cloud functions.

Google's UI toolkit for building natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single Dart codebase.

A platform for running full-stack apps close to users worldwide with built-in regions, volumes, and machine management.

A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code, enabling collaboration and history management.

A CI/CD platform integrated into GitHub that automates workflows for building, testing, and deploying code.

A query language for APIs that allows clients to request exactly the data they need, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching.

A high-performance RPC framework by Google using Protocol Buffers for efficient binary serialization and HTTP/2 transport.

An ultrafast web framework for the edge, supporting Cloudflare Workers, Deno, Bun, and Node.js with zero dependencies.

HyperText Markup Language - the standard markup language for creating web pages and structuring content on the internet.

The process of attaching JavaScript event handlers to server-rendered HTML, making static content interactive.

A Next.js feature that allows static pages to be updated after build time without rebuilding the entire site.

A low-level browser API for storing large amounts of structured data client-side, including files and blobs.

A high-level, dynamic programming language that powers interactive web pages, server-side applications, and more.

A JavaScript testing framework by Meta with zero-config setup, built-in mocking, and snapshot testing capabilities.

A primitive and flexible atomic state management library for React with a bottom-up approach and minimal API.

A compact, URL-safe token format for securely transmitting claims between parties as a JSON object with digital signatures.

A syntax extension for JavaScript that allows writing HTML-like markup inside JavaScript files, used primarily with React.

A modern programming language for Android development that is concise, safe, and fully interoperable with Java.

An open-source container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

AI models trained on vast text data that can understand and generate human language for various tasks.

A design pattern that defers loading of resources until they are actually needed, improving initial page load performance.

An open-source Unix-like operating system kernel that powers servers, containers, embedded systems, and cloud infrastructure.

A device or software that distributes network traffic across multiple servers to ensure high availability and reliability.

A subset of AI where systems learn from data to improve performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed.

An architectural approach where an application is built as a collection of small, independently deployable services.

Software that acts as a bridge between an operating system or database and applications, processing requests in a pipeline.

A reactive state management library that makes state management simple through transparent functional reactive programming.

A document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas.

The practice of collecting, analyzing, and alerting on system metrics and logs to ensure application health and performance.

A version control strategy where multiple projects or packages are stored in a single repository, sharing dependencies and tooling.

An API mocking library that uses Service Worker to intercept network requests, enabling realistic testing without backend changes.

The world's most popular open-source relational database management system, widely used for web applications.

A database performance anti-pattern where a query fetches N items then executes N additional queries for related data.

A branch of AI focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.

A progressive Node.js framework for building efficient, scalable server-side applications using TypeScript with decorators.

A computing system inspired by biological neural networks, consisting of interconnected nodes that process information in layers.

A React framework for production that provides SSR, SSG, API routes, and file-based routing out of the box.

An authentication library for Next.js that supports OAuth providers, credentials, and database sessions out of the box.

A high-performance web server, reverse proxy, and load balancer known for its stability, low resource consumption, and scalability.

A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that enables server-side JavaScript execution with event-driven, non-blocking I/O.

A category of databases that don't use traditional relational tables, offering flexible schemas for unstructured data.

An authorization framework that enables third-party applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on HTTP services.

A specification for describing RESTful APIs in a machine-readable format, enabling auto-generated docs and client SDKs.

Object-Relational Mapping - a technique that maps database tables to programming language objects, abstracting SQL queries.

A cross-browser automation framework by Microsoft for reliable end-to-end testing across Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit.

A powerful open-source relational database with advanced features like JSON support, full-text search, and extensibility.

An opinionated code formatter that enforces a consistent style across your codebase by parsing and re-printing code.

A next-generation ORM for Node.js and TypeScript with auto-generated queries, migrations, and a visual database browser.

A web application that uses modern APIs to deliver app-like experience with offline support, push notifications, and installability.

The practice of designing effective prompts to get desired outputs from AI language models and generative AI systems.

An AI technique that combines information retrieval with text generation to produce more accurate and grounded responses.

A cloud platform that simplifies infrastructure deployment with instant provisioning of databases, services, and environments.

A technique to control the number of requests a client can make to an API within a given time period, preventing abuse.